County-level homeless estimates, 2007-2024 (missing values imputed)
Source:R/homeless.R
homeless.RdCounty-level homeless counts with missing values imputed, plus selected
American Community Survey (ACS) demographic covariates. Counts are produced
by disaggregating HUD Continuum of Care (CoC) Point-in-Time counts to
counties using population-density weighting and imputing counties with no CoC
via a spatial Poisson model, following Almquist, Helwig and You (2020)
doi:10.1080/08898480.2019.1636574
. See homeless_na for the
pre-imputation version.
Format
A data frame with 3143 rows (counties and county equivalents in the 50 states and DC) and the following variables:
- state
Two-digit state FIPS code.
- fips
Five-digit county FIPS code.
- count07
Estimated homeless count, 2007 (imputed where missing).
- count08
Estimated homeless count, 2008.
- count09
Estimated homeless count, 2009.
- count10
Estimated homeless count, 2010.
- count11
Estimated homeless count, 2011.
- count12
Estimated homeless count, 2012.
- count13
Estimated homeless count, 2013.
- count14
Estimated homeless count, 2014.
- count15
Estimated homeless count, 2015.
- count16
Estimated homeless count, 2016.
- count17
Estimated homeless count, 2017.
- count18
Estimated homeless count, 2018.
- count19
Estimated homeless count, 2019.
- count20
Estimated homeless count, 2020.
- count21
Estimated homeless count, 2021.
- count22
Estimated homeless count, 2022.
- count23
Estimated homeless count, 2023.
- count24
Estimated homeless count, 2024.
- count25
Estimated homeless count, 2025.
- population
County population (ACS 5-year estimate).
- density
Population density: 2010 Census population per square km.
- pctblack
Percent Black population.
- pctageunder18
Percent of population under 18.
- pctfoodstamp
Percent of housing units receiving SNAP/food stamps.
- pctvacanthousing
Percent of housing units vacant.
- pctmedhousingcost
Median annual housing cost as a percent of median household income.
- medhousingval
Median housing value, in $1,000.
- pctmarried
Percent of population now married.
- avg
Mean homeless count across 2007–2025.
- state_name
State name.
Source
Homeless counts: HUD Point-in-Time data (see hud2007)
disaggregated to counties. Covariates: U.S. Census Bureau American
Community Survey 5-year estimates, via the tidycensus package.
Details
Estimates are bounded by a plausibility cap of 2,000 homeless per 100,000
residents (2 percent of population), or 3,500 per 100,000 for the dense
major-metro cores (New York City boroughs and Los Angeles County). The cap is
applied by redistributing any excess within the same CoC, so a CoC's
Point-in-Time total is preserved across its counties. HUD CoC counts
(hud2007) are never altered (none exceed the cap in any year).